---
title: Examples
description: Python code examples demonstrating modules, bindings, and SDK usage in Workers.
image: https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/dev-products-preview.png
---

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# Examples

Cloudflare has a wide range of Python examples in the [Workers Example gallery](https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/workers/examples/?languages=Python).

In addition to those examples, consider the following ones that illustrate Python-specific behavior.

## Modules in your Worker

Let's say your Worker has the following structure:

```plaintext
├── src
│   ├── module.py
│   └── main.py
├── uv.lock
├── pyproject.toml
└── wrangler.toml
```

In order to import `module.py` in `main.py`, you would use the following import statement:

**Python**

```python
import module
```

In this case, the main module is set to `src/main.py` in the wrangler.toml file like so:

**TOML**

```toml
main = "src/main.py"
```

This means that the `src` directory does not need to be specified in the import statement.

## Parse an incoming request URL

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        # Parse the incoming request URL
        url = urlparse(request.url)
        # Parse the query parameters into a Python dictionary
        params = parse_qs(url.query)


        if "name" in params:
            greeting = "Hello there, {name}".format(name=params["name"][0])
            return Response(greeting)


        if url.path == "/favicon.ico":
          return Response("")


        return Response("Hello world!")
```

## Parse JSON from the incoming request

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        body = await request.json()  # returns a native Python dict
        name = body["name"]
        return Response("Hello, {name}".format(name=name))
```

## Return a JSON response

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        data = {"greeting": "Hello, World!", "status": "ok"}
        return Response.json(data)
```

## Read bundled asset files in your Worker

Let's say your Worker has the following structure:

```plaintext
├── src
│   ├── file.html
│   └── main.py
└── wrangler.jsonc
```

In order to read a file in your Worker, you would do the following:

**Python**

```python
from pathlib import Path
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        html_file = Path(__file__).parent / "file.html"
        return Response(html_file.read_text(), headers={"Content-Type": "text/html"})
```

## Emit logs from your Python Worker

**Python**

```python
# To use the JavaScript console APIs
from js import console
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response
# To use the native Python logging
import logging


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        # Use the console APIs from JavaScript
        # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/console
        console.log("console.log from Python!")


        # Alternatively, use the native Python logger
        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


        # The default level is warning. We can change that to info.
        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)


        logger.error("error from Python!")
        logger.info("info log from Python!")


        # Or just use print()
        print("print() from Python!")


        return Response("We're testing logging!")
```

## Publish to a Queue

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        # Bindings are available on the 'env' attribute
        # https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/queues/


        # The default contentType is "json"
        # We can also pass plain text strings
        await self.env.QUEUE.send("hello", contentType="text")
        # Send a JSON payload
        await self.env.QUEUE.send({"hello": "world"})


        return Response.json({"write": "success"})
```

## Query a D1 Database

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        results = await self.env.DB.prepare("PRAGMA table_list").run()
        # Return a JSON response
        return Response.json(results)
```

Refer to [Query D1 from Python Workers](https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/d1/examples/query-d1-from-python-workers/) for a more in-depth tutorial that covers how to create a new D1 database and configure bindings to D1.

## Durable Object

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response, DurableObject


class List(DurableObject):
    async def get_messages(self):
        messages = await self.ctx.storage.get("messages")
        return messages if messages else []


    async def add_message(self, message):
        messages = await self.get_messages()
        messages.append(message)
        await self.ctx.storage.put("messages", messages)
        return


    async def say_hello(self):
        result = self.ctx.storage.sql.exec(
            "SELECT 'Hello, World!' as greeting"
        ).one()


        return result.greeting
```

Refer to [Durable Objects documentation](https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/durable-objects/get-started/) for more information.

## Cron Trigger

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkerEntrypoint


class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def scheduled(self, controller, env, ctx):
        # All four parameters (self, controller, env, ctx) are required —
        # unlike fetch() which only takes (self, request).
        print("cron processed")
```

Refer to [Cron Triggers documentation](https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/workers/configuration/cron-triggers/) for more information.

## Workflows

**Python**

```python
from workers import WorkflowEntrypoint


class MyWorkflow(WorkflowEntrypoint):
    async def run(self, event, step):
        @step.do()
        async def step_a():
            # do some work
            return 10


        @step.do()
        async def step_b():
            # do some work
            return 20


        @step.do(concurrent=True)
        async def my_final_step(step_a, step_b):
            # should return 30
            return step_a + step_b


        await my_final_step()
```

Refer to the [Python Workflows documentation](https://edgetunnel-b2h.pages.dev/workflows/python/) for more information.

## More Examples

Or you can clone [the examples repository ↗](https://github.com/cloudflare/python-workers-examples) to explore even more examples:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/cloudflare/python-workers-examples
```

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